Undici Connection Pooling for Node.js Fetch: Sizing and Timeouts
How Node's fetch pools connections through undici, and how to size, scope, time out and observe dispatchers so outbound HTTP calls stop failing intermittently.
14 min read
Category
Backend Engineering
Runtimes, frameworks and API styles: Node.js, Bun, NestJS, Spring Boot, Python, REST, GraphQL and gRPC.
gRPC Load Balancing in Kubernetes: Why Connections Stick to One Pod
Why Kubernetes Services pin gRPC's long-lived HTTP/2 connections to one pod, how to confirm it, and how to fix it with client-side or L7 proxy balancing.
12 min read
NestJS Graceful Shutdown: Draining Requests and Queues on SIGTERM
Go beyond enableShutdownHooks(): order readiness, HTTP connection draining, queue consumers and timeouts so NestJS pods exit cleanly on Kubernetes SIGTERM.
14 min read
FastAPI Dependency Injection: Scopes, Overrides and Testing
How FastAPI dependency injection resolves a per-request graph, manages app-lifetime resources, cleans up with yield, and stays testable with dependency_overrides.
14 min read
tRPC vs gRPC vs REST for Internal TypeScript Service APIs
Compare tRPC, gRPC and REST for internal TypeScript APIs: how contracts, schema evolution and tooling differ, and how to choose based on who owns each end.
17 min read
structlog FastAPI Tutorial: JSON Logging with Request ID Context
Set up structlog in FastAPI: bind request IDs via contextvars, route uvicorn and stdlib logs through one processor chain, and emit correlated JSON logs.
13 min read
Node.js Worker Threads for CPU-Bound Work in API Servers
Learn when Node.js worker threads help an API server, how to run them behind a bounded Piscina pool with backpressure, and how to size and monitor it.
13 min read
Node.js Request Validation: Zod vs TypeBox vs Joi Compared
Compare Zod, TypeBox and Joi for Node.js request validation: type inference, JSON Schema, unknown keys, coercion, error handling, performance and migration.
13 min read
Spring Boot Slow Startup: Profiling Beans and Cutting Boot Time
Measure Spring Boot slow startup with the startup actuator, bean profiling and JFR, then fix slow beans, auto-config and blocking I/O instead of global flags.
13 min read
FastAPI Async Database Access: SQLAlchemy Async vs asyncpg
Learn how SQLAlchemy async and asyncpg relate in FastAPI, how to wire sessions and connection pools, avoid lazy-loading traps, and pick the right layer.
13 min read
Spring Boot GraalVM Native Image: Startup, Memory and Gotchas
Build a Spring Boot GraalVM native image, measure startup and memory fairly against the JVM, and fix reflection and closed-world failures before production.
13 min read
Rate Limiting Algorithms: Token Bucket vs Sliding Window in Practice
How token bucket, leaky bucket and sliding window rate limiting algorithms work, what traffic shapes they permit, and how to implement them safely at scale.
17 min read